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The immune system is divided into two different subsystems: the cellular and humoral. The cellular immune system is responsible for identifying invading germs and foreign substances, while the humoral immune system responds to these threats by flooding the bloodstream with antibodies. The IgM antibodies are short-lived and are produced by the body in large quantities. The IgG antibodies are more durable and circulate in the blood.
The immune system works by alerting each organ and tissue to postinghub foreign substances. The immune system recognizes bacteria and fungi by their surface proteins, called antigens. These proteins attach to special receptors on immune cells, and then trigger a series of processes. This process helps the body to recognize and destroy disease-causing germs in the future. This system is composed of specialized cells and vessels, including the lymphatic system, which transports immune cells throughout the body.
The nervous system is another important part of the immune system, interacting with the lymphoid organs. Sympathetic nerves regulate immune activity and parasympathetic nerves control brain activity. Neuroendocrine hormones regulate cytokine levels and other functions of the immune system. By modulating cytokine balance and neurotransmitters, the immune system regulates the body’s temperature, sleep, and brain activity. The brain is connected to the immune system via the major histocompatibility complex, which directs the immune cells to newslookups immunogenic molecules. Neurobiologists are also investigating the synapse and memory, both of which play a key role in the immune system’s functioning.
Conclusion
White blood cells are essential players in the immune system. They fight germs and other harmful substances directly. These white blood cells make up approximately 1% of the total blood cells. During a flu infection, white blood cells can multiply and form a memory for the immune system, allowing it to respond faster when it encounters the same antigen in future. This memory helps the immune system respond more quickly to a pathogen and can prevent the body from becoming ill.
